Honors 440 - Healthcare reDesign

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received.

List of initiatives by The White House (Biden Administration)

The American Public Health Association reviewed 38 strategic actions by localities that have committed to and highlight robust examples of declarations and explicitly defined and locally tailored language that mention racism as a public health crisis.

Paradies, Y., Truong, M., & Priest, N. (2014). A systematic review of the extent and measurement of healthcare provider racism. Journal of general internal medicine, 29(2), 364–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-013-2583-1

Blair, I. V., Steiner, J. F., Fairclough, D. L., Hanratty, R., Price, D. W., Hirsh, H. K., Wright, L. A., Bronsert, M., Karimkhani, E., Magid, D. J., & Havranek, E. P. (2013). Clinicians' implicit ethnic/racial bias and perceptions of care among Black and Latino patients. Annals of family medicine, 11(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1442

Camara Phyllis Jones. (2002). Confronting Institutionalized Racism. Phylon (1960-), 50(1/2), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.2307/4149999

Obermeyer, Powers, B., Vogeli, C., & Mullainathan, S. (2019). Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 366(6464), 447–453. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax2342

Designers should show how well instruments perform across different populations.

Gonzales, Gilbert, & Ortiz, Kasim. (2015). Health Insurance Disparities Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Same-Sex Relationships: An Intersectional Approach. American Journal of Public Health (1971), 105(6), 1106–1113. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.302459

N Engl J Med 2021; 384:768-773; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMms2025396

10.1377/forefront.20210903.976632

Byrd, W. M., & Clayton, L. A. (2001). Race, medicine, and health care in the United States: a historical survey. Journal of the National Medical Association, 93(3 Suppl), 11S–34S.

Lau, May, Lin, Hua, & Flores, Glenn. (2012). Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care among U.S. Adolescents. Health Services Research, 47(5), 2031–2059. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01394.x

Tait, R. C., & Chibnall, J. T. (2014). Racial/ethnic disparities in the assessment and treatment of pain: psychosocial perspectives. The American psychologist, 69(2), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035204

Bailey, Z. D., Krieger, N., Agénor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N., & Bassett, M. T. (2017). Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet (London, England), 389(10077), 1453–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X

Braveman, Arkin, E., Proctor, D., Kauh, T., & Holm, N. (2022). Systemic And Structural Racism: Definitions, Examples, Health Damages, And Approaches To Dismantling. Health Affairs, 41(2), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01394

Feagin, J., & Bennefield, Z. (2014). Systemic racism and U.S. health care. Social science & medicine (1982), 103, 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.006

A storytelling map that showcases public health declarations against systematic racism.

Mapping Prejudice is a volunteer-run project from the University of Minnesota that tracks racial covenants in Minnesota's Hennepin and Ramsey counties. Racial covenants were clauses that prohibited persons of color from owning property or occupying land.

The GovLab developed this living reflection document with diverse input from our network to help identify the opportunities, risks, challenges, and lessons about the use of data to make racial inequalities more visible and the ways it may be systematically and collaboratively countered.