Generative AI in Research

What is Generative AI?

• Davenport, T., & Alavi, M. (2023, July 6). How to Train Generative AI Using Your Company’s Data. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2023/07/how-to-train-generative-ai-using-your-companys-data

• Mehta, J., Jarenwattananon, P., & Shapiro, A. Behind the secretive work of the many, many humans helping to train AI [Radio broadcast transcript]. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2023/06/26/1184392406/behind-the-secretive-work-of-the-many-many-humans-helping-to-train-ai

• Rebelo, M. (2023, August 2). The best AI video generators in 2023: Use these tools to create, edit, and enhance videos with AI. Zapier. https://zapier.com/blog/best-ai-video-generator/

• McFarland, A. (2023, October 1). 9 Best AI Music Generators (October 2023). Unite.AI. https://www.unite.ai/best-ai-music-generators/

• Ortiz, S. (2023, August 3). The best AI art generators: DALL-E 2 and fun alternatives to try. ZDNET/tech. https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-ai-art-generator/

• Steipe, B. (2023) “Understanding AI Issues”. The Sentient Syllabus Project http://sentientsyllabus.org

Use of Generative AI Models - Considerations

• Lund, B., Wang, T., Mannuru, N. R., Nie, B., Shimray, S. R., & Wang, Z. (2023). ChatGPT and a new academic reality: Artificial Intelligence‐written research papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 74(5), 570–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24750

• Bender, E.M. Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., & Shmitchell, S. (2021). On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big? FAccT 2021 - Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 610–623. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445922

• “Using Generative AI for Scientific Research: A Quick User’s Guide.” Using Generative AI for Scientific Research: A Quick User’s Guide, MIDAS: Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan, https://midas.umich.edu/generative-ai-user-guide/. Accessed 16 Oct. 2023. 

• University of Southern California Libraries. (n.d.). Research Guides: Using Generative AI in Research: Home. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://libguides.usc.edu/generative-AI/home

• Statement on use of generative AI - UW–⁠Madison Information Technology. (n.d.). UW–⁠Madison Information Technology. https://it.wisc.edu/statement-on-use-of-generative-ai/

• Ringel Morris, M. R. M. (2023, August 6). Scientists’ Perspectives on the Potential for Generative AI in their Fields. Montreal AI Ethics Institute (MAIEI). Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://montrealethics.ai/scientists-perspectives-on-the-potential-for-generative-ai-in-their-fields/

• AI Risks and Trustworthiness. (n.d.). National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://airc.nist.gov/AI_RMF_Knowledge_Base/AI_RMF/Foundational_Information/3-sec-characteristics

• The Foundation Model Transparency Index (n.d.). Center for Research on Foundation Models. Retrieved October 20, 2023, from https://crfm.stanford.edu/fmti/ 

• Conroy, G. (2023). How ChatGPT and other AI tools could disrupt scientific publishing. Nature (London), 622(7982), 234–236. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-03144-w

Transparency

• Foundation Model Transparency Index. (n.d.). Retrieved October 23, 2023, from https://crfm.stanford.edu/fmti/

Copyright

• U.S. Copyright Office. (n.d.). Copyright and Artificial Intelligence | U.S. Copyright Office. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.copyright.gov/ai/

• WIPO Conversation on Intellectual Property and Frontier Technologies. (n.d.). Retrieved October 23, 2023, from https://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/frontier_technologies/frontier_conversation.html

• US Congressional Research Service. Generative Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Law (LSB 10922; September 29 2023) by Christopher T. Zirpoli. Retrieved October 20, 23 from https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10922

Bias

• Knapton, K. (2023, September 6). Navigating The Biases In LLM Generative AI: A Guide To Responsible Implementation. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2023/09/06/navigating-the-biases-in-llm-generative-ai-a-guide-to-responsible-implementation/?sh=59751b815cd2

Generated Citations

• Hillier, M. & Macquarie University. (2023, February 23). Why does ChatGPT generate fake references? TECHE. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://teche.mq.edu.au/2023/02/why-does-chatgpt-generate-fake-references/

Detection

• Steele, C. (2023, May 1). 5 Ways to Detect Text Written by ChatGPT and Other AI Tools. PCMAG. https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/how-to-detect-chatgpt-written-text#:~:text=Humans%20Are%20Still%20the%20Best,results%20with%20their%20own%20work.

• Gu, J., Wang, X., Li, C., Zhao, J., Fu, W., Liang, G., & Qiu, J. (2022). AI-enabled image fraud in scientific publications. Patterns, 3(7), 100511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2022.100511

Use in Peer Review

• National Institutes of Health [NIH]. (2023, June 23). NOT-OD-23-149: The Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Technologies is Prohibited for the NIH Peer Review Process. Retrieved October 16,, 2023, from https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-23-149.html

Journal Editing

• Artificial intelligence (AI) in decision making. (2021). Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). https://doi.org/10.24318/9kvagrnj

Paper Mills/Systematic Manipulation of the Publication Process

• Van Noorden, R. (2023) More than 10,000 research papers were retracted in 2023 - a new record. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-03974-8
• Else, Holly & Van Noorden, R. (2021) The fight against fake-paper factories that churn out sham science. Nature 591, 516-519.  https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00733-5
• Paper Mills and Research Misconduct: Facing the Challenges of Scientific Publishing, 117th Congress (2021-2022). House Committee Hearing. https://www.congress.gov/event/117th-congress/house-event/115022?s=1&r=15
• COPE Council. Systematic manipulation of the publication process. 2022. https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.2.23